The 1987 Philippine Constitution: Essentials

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Card 1. What is the constitutional definition and structural division of governmental authority under the separation of powers?
AnswerPower is divided among legislative, executive, and judicial branches, each co-equal and independent.
Card 2. What are the composition, term length, and term limit rules for the Senate?
Answer24 senators elected at-large, serving six-year terms with a maximum of two consecutive terms.
Card 3. What are the minimum age qualifications required to run for the House of Representatives, the Senate, and the Presidency?
AnswerRepresentative: 25 years old; Senator: 35 years old; President: 40 years old.
Card 4. What is the maximum duration of a presidential declaration of martial law, and what are the oversight mechanisms by the other branches?
AnswerUp to 60 days during invasion or rebellion; Congress may revoke it, and the Supreme Court reviews its factual basis within 30 days.
Card 5. What is the exact numerical composition of the Supreme Court of the Philippines?
AnswerA Chief Justice plus 14 Associate Justices, totaling 15 members.
Card 6. What is the mandatory retirement age for members of the judiciary?
AnswerJustices must retire at age 70 or upon becoming incapacitated.
Card 7. What constitutional protections govern search and seizure under the Bill of Rights?
AnswerIt requires a judicial warrant based on probable cause and protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.
Card 8. What are the basic citizenship and residency eligibility requirements for suffrage?
AnswerCitizens at least 18 years of age, residing in the Philippines for one year and in the voting locality for six months.
Card 9. Are literacy or property ownership tests permitted as conditions for voting?
AnswerNo, voting cannot be conditioned on literacy, property ownership, or other substantive requirements.
Card 10. What are the three distinct constitutional commissions established under Article IX?
AnswerThe Civil Service Commission (CSC), the Commission on Elections (COMELEC), and the Commission on Audit (COA).

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Card 11. What voting thresholds are required respectively by the House and the Senate to successfully impeach and convict a public officer?
AnswerAt least one-third vote of the House to initiate/impeach, and a two-thirds vote of the Senate to convict.
Card 12. What are the three primary methods to propose amendments to the Constitution?
Answer(1) Congress by a three-fourths vote as a constituent assembly, (2) A constitutional convention, and (3) People's initiative.