Human Body Systems: Organs and Functions

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Card 1. What does the circulatory system do?
AnswerThe heart pumps blood through blood vessels to carry oxygen and nutrients and remove wastes.
Card 2. How many chambers does the human heart have?
AnswerFour: two atria and two ventricles.
Card 3. What is the largest artery in the body?
AnswerThe aorta.
Card 4. Where does gas exchange happen in the lungs?
AnswerIn the alveoli, tiny air sacs where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves it.
Card 5. Where are most nutrients absorbed in digestion?
AnswerIn the small intestine.
Card 6. What does the liver make that helps digest fats, and where is it stored?
AnswerBile. It is stored in the gallbladder.
Card 7. What hormone does the pancreas release to lower blood sugar?
AnswerInsulin.
Card 8. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
AnswerThe nephron. Kidneys filter blood and make urine.
Card 9. How many bones does an adult human have?
Answer206.
Card 10. What are the longest and smallest bones in the body?
AnswerLongest: the femur (thigh bone). Smallest: the stapes, in the middle ear.

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Card 11. What are the three types of muscle tissue?
AnswerSkeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.
Card 12. What makes up the central nervous system?
AnswerThe brain and the spinal cord.
Card 13. What is the largest organ of the body?
AnswerThe skin (part of the integumentary system).
Card 14. What protein in red blood cells carries oxygen?
AnswerHemoglobin.
Card 15. What do white blood cells do?
AnswerThey defend the body against infection as part of the immune system.
Card 16. What does the endocrine system use to send signals?
AnswerHormones, released by glands into the bloodstream.