Cell Biology: Organelles and Their Jobs

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Card 1. What does the nucleus do?
AnswerIt holds the cell's DNA and controls the cell's activities.
Card 2. What is the job of the mitochondria?
AnswerThey make most of the cell's energy (ATP) through cellular respiration. Often called the powerhouse of the cell.
Card 3. What do ribosomes make?
AnswerProteins.
Card 4. How is rough ER different from smooth ER?
AnswerRough ER has ribosomes and helps make proteins; smooth ER has none and makes lipids and breaks down toxins.
Card 5. What does the Golgi apparatus do?
AnswerIt modifies, sorts and packages proteins and lipids for use in the cell or for export.
Card 6. What do lysosomes do?
AnswerThey contain enzymes that break down waste, worn-out parts and invading germs.
Card 7. What do chloroplasts do, and which cells have them?
AnswerThey carry out photosynthesis, turning light energy into sugar. Found in plant cells and algae.
Card 8. What is the cell membrane's main job?
AnswerIt controls what enters and leaves the cell (it is selectively permeable).
Card 9. What is the cell wall made of in plants?
AnswerMainly cellulose. It gives plant cells support and shape.
Card 10. What is the large central vacuole in plant cells for?
AnswerIt stores water and nutrients and keeps the cell firm (turgor pressure).

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Card 11. What is the cytoplasm?
AnswerThe jelly-like fluid inside the cell membrane where the organelles sit and many reactions happen.
Card 12. Name three structures plant cells have that animal cells don't.
AnswerCell wall, chloroplasts and a large central vacuole.
Card 13. What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
AnswerEukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells (like bacteria) do not.
Card 14. What is the cytoskeleton?
AnswerA network of protein fibers that gives the cell its shape and helps it move and divide.