Computer Basics: Binary, Hardware and the Internet

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Card 1. What is a bit?
AnswerThe smallest unit of data: a single 0 or 1.
Card 2. How many bits are in a byte?
Answer8.
Card 3. What is 1010 in binary as a decimal number?
Answer10 (8 + 0 + 2 + 0).
Card 4. What base is hexadecimal, and what digits does it use?
AnswerBase 16, using 0–9 and A–F.
Card 5. What does the CPU do?
AnswerIt carries out a program's instructions; it is the computer's main processor.
Card 6. How is RAM different from storage like an SSD?
AnswerRAM is fast, temporary memory that is erased when power is off; storage keeps data permanently.
Card 7. What is an operating system?
AnswerSoftware that manages the hardware and runs other programs, such as Windows, macOS, Android or Linux.
Card 8. What does DNS do?
AnswerIt translates domain names (like aralai.app) into the IP addresses computers use.
Card 9. What is an IP address?
AnswerA number that identifies a device on a network so data can reach it.
Card 10. What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS?
AnswerHTTPS is HTTP with encryption (TLS), so data sent between browser and site can't easily be read.

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Card 11. What is the difference between a LAN and a WAN?
AnswerA LAN covers a small area like a home or school; a WAN covers a large area, like the internet.
Card 12. What is an algorithm?
AnswerA step-by-step set of instructions for solving a problem.
Card 13. How is a compiler different from an interpreter?
AnswerA compiler translates the whole program into machine code before it runs; an interpreter translates and runs it line by line.
Card 14. What is open-source software?
AnswerSoftware whose source code anyone can read, change and share under its license.
Card 15. What does URL stand for?
AnswerUniform Resource Locator, the address of a page or file on the web.